{"id":2236,"date":"2022-05-11T18:44:30","date_gmt":"2022-05-11T18:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2236"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:53:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:53:06","slug":"i2c-the-inter-integrated-circuit-bus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/de\/i2c-der-inter-integrierte-schaltungs-bus\/","title":{"rendered":"I2C - Der Inter-Integrierte-Schaltkreis-Bus"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Alles \u00fcber I2C Title Image\" class=\"wp-image-5346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Der I2C-Bus wird im Embedded-Bereich sehr h\u00e4ufig verwendet. Wir erkl\u00e4ren, wie er funktioniert und wie man ihn auf dem Raspberry Pi anhand eines Beispiels einrichtet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I2C-Eigenschaften<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus ist ein synchroner serieller Kommunikationsbus. Philips Semiconductors war f\u00fcr die Erfindung im Jahr 1982 verantwortlich, aber die Schnittstelle gewann schnell an Popularit\u00e4t.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"I2C-Eigenschaften\" class=\"wp-image-2247\" style=\"width:662px;height:177px\" width=\"662\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">I2C-Eigenschaften<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>H\u00e4ufig verwendete Synonyme sind I<sup>2<\/sup>C, I2C oder IIC. Die Schnittstelle nutzt eine Controller-Target-Architektur und erm\u00f6glicht es dem Controller, mit bis zu 112 Ger\u00e4ten \u00fcber nur zwei Dr\u00e4hte zu kommunizieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Controller kann die Bitrate an die spezifischen Anforderungen des Ziels anpassen. Daher ist I2C mit vielen Ger\u00e4ten wie Sensoren, EEPROMs, Uhren, Motortreibern und mehr kompatibel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verkabelung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Verdrahtung des I2C-Busses k\u00f6nnte wirklich nicht einfacher sein, da Sie nur zwei Dr\u00e4hte ben\u00f6tigen. Verbinden Sie den seriellen Taktgeber-Pin (SCL) des Controllers mit den seriellen Taktgeber-Pins der Targets und verbinden Sie auch deren serielle Daten-Pins (SDA). Die I2C-Software erledigt den Rest.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-1024x414.jpg\" alt=\"I2C-Verdrahtung\" class=\"wp-image-2249\" style=\"width:524px;height:211px\" width=\"524\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-1024x414.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-768x311.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-1536x622.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-2048x829.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Verkabelung<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Wenn Sie Ihr I2C-Ger\u00e4t mit Strom versorgen m\u00fcssen, k\u00f6nnen Sie die Pins 3V3, 5V und GROUND Ihres Raspberry Pi verwenden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Einige Ger\u00e4te wie unser <a href=\"https:\/\/buyzero.de\/en\/products\/luftqualitatssensor-bosch-bme688-breakout-board?_pos=6&amp;_sid=0066ef795&amp;_ss=r\">BME688 Breakout Board<\/a> haben einen I2C-Header, so dass man keine Dr\u00e4hte braucht, um sie zu verbinden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I2C-Kommunikation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Inter-Intergrated Circuit Bus kann 128 Ger\u00e4te mit nur zwei Dr\u00e4hten verbinden. M\u00f6glich wird dies durch das ausgekl\u00fcgelte Kommunikationsprinzip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Dr\u00e4hte (SDA und SCL) werden nie aktiv auf High geschaltet. Wenn ein Ger\u00e4t eine logische 1 senden will, l\u00e4sst es die Leitung schweben. Um eine logische Null zu senden, wird die Leitung auf Masse gezogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Controller initiiert die Kommunikation. Jedes Ger\u00e4t im Netzwerk kann als Controller und Ziel fungieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die folgende Grafik zeigt die einzelnen Bits.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"I2C-Kommunikation\" class=\"wp-image-2252\" style=\"width:549px;height:239px\" width=\"549\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-768x336.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">I2C-Kommunikation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Um die Kommunikation zu starten, sendet der Controller ein Start-Bit, gefolgt von der I2C-Adresse des Ziels und dem gew\u00fcnschten Betriebsmodus (R - Read oder W - Write).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bei der I2C-Kommunikation muss das Ziel alle 8 Bit (nach jedem Byte) ein ACK-Bit zur\u00fccksenden. Da der Adressraum in der Regel 7 Bit betr\u00e4gt, gibt es 128 (0 bis 127) Adressen. 16 davon sind reserviert. Damit bleiben 112 m\u00f6gliche Adressen f\u00fcr die Ger\u00e4te \u00fcbrig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Zieladresse und die Betriebsart sind ein Byte, so dass das Ziel ein ACK-Bit zur\u00fccksenden muss. Dann sendet der Controller die (8-Bit-)Registeradresse, die das Ziel wiederum best\u00e4tigt. Von da an unterscheidet sich die Lese- und Schreibkommunikation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beim Schreiben sendet der Controller die Daten einfach in 8-Bit-Bl\u00f6cken. Das Ziel quittiert jeden Block. Sobald der Controller mit dem Schreiben fertig ist, sendet er das Stop-Bit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zum Lesen sendet der Controller wieder das Start-Bit, gefolgt von der Zieladresse. Das Ziel quittiert und beginnt, die Daten in 8-Bit-Bl\u00f6cken zu senden. Dieses Mal muss der Controller jedes Byte best\u00e4tigen. Um das Lesen zu beenden, sendet der Controller das NACK-Bit und schlie\u00dflich das Stop-Bit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vorteile, Nachteile und Anwendungen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vorteile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Vorteile des I2C-Busses liegen auf der Hand. Man kann 128 Ger\u00e4te mit nur zwei Dr\u00e4hten und jeweils zwei Pins verbinden. Das ist wirklich leistungsstark. Au\u00dferdem hat man flexible Geschwindigkeiten. Die Hardware-Einrichtung k\u00f6nnte kaum einfacher sein. Im Gegensatz zu SPI wei\u00df der Controller, ob das Zielger\u00e4t die Daten korrekt empfangen hat.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-1024x443.jpg\" alt=\"Vorteile\" class=\"wp-image-2251\" style=\"width:340px;height:147px\" width=\"340\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-1024x443.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-768x333.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vorteile<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benachteiligungen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Inter-Integrate Circuit Bus ben\u00f6tigt mehr Platz und Strom, da er Pull-up-Widerst\u00e4nde verwendet. Er ist im Vergleich zu SPI langsamer. Es kann zu Problemen kommen, wenn zwei Ger\u00e4te die gleiche I2C-Adresse verwenden. Die Adresse wird direkt auf dem Ger\u00e4t gespeichert. Bei einigen Ger\u00e4ten k\u00f6nnen Sie zwischen zwei m\u00f6glichen Adressen w\u00e4hlen, indem Sie einen Jumper an eine bestimmte Stelle des Ger\u00e4ts l\u00f6ten.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-1024x444.jpg\" alt=\"Benachteiligungen\" class=\"wp-image-2250\" style=\"width:372px;height:161px\" width=\"372\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-1024x444.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-768x333.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Benachteiligungen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anwendungen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Wenn Sie suchen nach <a href=\"https:\/\/buyzero.de\/en\/search?type=product&amp;options%5Bprefix%5D=last&amp;options%5Bunavailable_products%5D=last&amp;q=sensor\">Sensor<\/a> in unserem Shop werden Sie feststellen, dass fast alle Sensoren, die nicht analog sind, die I2C-Schnittstelle verwenden. Sie ist im Embedded-Bereich sehr verbreitet. Es gibt Dinge wie I2C-Speicher. Oftmals nutzen Mikrocontroller den Bus zur Kommunikation. Au\u00dferdem verwenden viele DACs (<strong>D<\/strong>igital <strong>A<\/strong>nalog <strong>C<\/strong>onverter) und ADCs (<strong>A<\/strong>nalog <strong>D<\/strong>igital <strong>C<\/strong>onverter) sind mit der Schnittstelle kompatibel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I2C auf dem Raspberry Pi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unser <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GSmq8ZH01Sg\">Video<\/a> zeigt, wie Sie den Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus auf Ihrem Raspberry Pi einrichten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GSmq8ZH01Sg\" title=\"I2C auf dem Raspberry Pi - WIE man I2C mit Python benutzt\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GSmq8ZH01Sg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; 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Wir erkl\u00e4ren, wie er funktioniert und wie man ihn auf dem Raspberry Pi mit einem Beispiel einrichtet. I2C-Eigenschaften Der Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus ist ein synchroner serieller Kommunikationsbus. Philips Semiconductors war f\u00fcr die Erfindung im Jahr 1982 verantwortlich, aber die Schnittstelle gewann schnell...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[208,205,206,207,201,204,189,188,187],"class_list":["post-2236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bus","tag-i2c","tag-iic","tag-inter-integrated-circuit","tag-interface","tag-knowledge","tag-pi","tag-raspberry","tag-raspberry-pi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>I2C - The Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The I2C bus is very commonly used in the embedded realm. 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