{"id":2318,"date":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","slug":"uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/de\/uart-der-universelle-asynchrone-empfanger-sender\/","title":{"rendered":"UART - Der universelle asynchrone Empf\u00e4nger-Sender (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Alles \u00fcber UART Titelbild\" class=\"wp-image-5344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>UART ist eine serielle Vollduplex-Schnittstelle. Sie erm\u00f6glicht die Kommunikation zwischen zwei Ger\u00e4ten \u00fcber nur drei Dr\u00e4hte und unterst\u00fctzt variable Geschwindigkeiten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART-Eigenschaften<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wie der Name schon sagt, handelt es sich bei UART um eine asynchrone Schnittstelle. Im Gegensatz zu SPI oder I2C ist kein eigener Taktgeber erforderlich. Die beiden Ger\u00e4te m\u00fcssen lediglich die gleiche \u00dcbertragungsgeschwindigkeit verwenden. Die \u00dcbertragungsgeschwindigkeit ist variabel und gibt an, wie viele Bits der Bus pro Sekunde senden kann (Bits\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"UART-Eigenschaften\" class=\"wp-image-2322\" style=\"width:647px;height:173px\" width=\"647\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART-Eigenschaften<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Auch das Datenformat ist konfigurierbar. Eine andere M\u00f6glichkeit, die \u00dcbertragungsgeschwindigkeit zu messen, ist die Baudrate (Baud\/s), wobei ein Baud ein Symbol oder Zeichen ist. Wenn also ein Baud aus 8 Bits besteht, bedeutet dies, dass eine Bitrate von 115200 Bits\/s 14400 Bauds\/s entspricht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UART verwendet zwei Datenleitungen, so dass die Kommunikation in den meisten F\u00e4llen vollduplex ist (beide Richtungen gleichzeitig). Au\u00dferdem ben\u00f6tigen beide UART-Ger\u00e4te eine Leitung zur gemeinsamen Nutzung der Referenzspannung GROUND. In der Summe bedeutet dies, dass Sie nur drei Dr\u00e4hte ben\u00f6tigen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verkabelung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ein UART-Ger\u00e4t ben\u00f6tigt drei Pins zur Kommunikation. <strong>RX<\/strong> zum Lesen, <strong>TX<\/strong> zur \u00dcbermittlung und <strong>GND<\/strong> f\u00fcr Erdungsbezug.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg\" alt=\"UART-Verdrahtung\" class=\"wp-image-2323\" style=\"width:633px;height:239px\" width=\"633\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-768x290.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1536x580.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-2048x774.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART-Verdrahtung<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Verbinden Sie die RX-Pins beider Ger\u00e4te mit den TX-Pins des anderen Ger\u00e4ts. Verbinden Sie beide GND-Pins und Sie sind fertig mit der Hardware-Einrichtung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theoretisch k\u00f6nnten Sie sogar die RX-Pins mehrerer Ger\u00e4te mit dem TX-Pin eines Ger\u00e4ts verbinden. Auf diese Weise k\u00f6nnen Sie, wenn Sie wissen, was Sie tun, ein Ger\u00e4t die Daten an mehrere Ger\u00e4te senden lassen. Allerdings kann der RX-Stift eines Ger\u00e4ts jeweils nur mit einem TX-Stift verbunden werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART-Kommunikation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sie m\u00fcssen beide Ger\u00e4te auf die gleiche Baudrate einstellen. Wenn sie um mehr als 3% abweicht, werden die Daten verf\u00e4lscht. G\u00e4ngige Baudraten sind unter anderem 4800, 9600, 19200 und 115200. Au\u00dferdem m\u00fcssen sich beide Ger\u00e4te auf das gleiche Datenformat und Parit\u00e4tsbit einigen. Das Parit\u00e4tsbit dient der \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der \u00fcbertragenen Daten auf Fehler.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"UART-Kommunikation\" class=\"wp-image-2325\" style=\"width:687px;height:299px\" width=\"687\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART-Kommunikation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Jedes Mal, wenn ein Ger\u00e4t Daten \u00fcbertragen will, beginnt es mit dem Senden des Startbits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Ruhezustand der Datenleitung ist HIGH, so dass der Sender sie f\u00fcr einen Taktzyklus auf LOW zieht. Dann zieht er die Leitung f\u00fcr eine 0 auf LOW und f\u00fcr eine 1 auf HIGH, und zwar genau in der Frequenz der Baudrate. Nach jedem Datenrahmen sendet er ein Parit\u00e4tsbit, wenn eine Fehlerpr\u00fcfung gew\u00fcnscht ist. Dann wird die Leitung auf HIGH gesetzt, um das Stoppbit zu signalisieren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vorteile, Nachteile und Anwendungen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vorteile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Vorteil ist die Einfachheit von UART. Sowohl die Software als auch die Hardware sind extrem einfach einzurichten. Die variable Geschwindigkeit bedeutet, dass der Stromverbrauch sehr niedrig gehalten werden kann. Und nat\u00fcrlich erm\u00f6glicht die Schnittstelle eine Vollduplex-Kommunikation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au\u00dferdem k\u00f6nnen die Daten \u00fcber gro\u00dfe Entfernungen von bis zu 1000 Metern \u00fcbertragen werden.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg\" alt=\"Vorteile\" class=\"wp-image-2329\" style=\"width:410px;height:199px\" width=\"410\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART Vorteile<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benachteiligungen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Die Schnittstelle ist grunds\u00e4tzlich auf zwei Ger\u00e4te beschr\u00e4nkt. Au\u00dferdem gibt es keinen Taktgeber, um die \u00dcbertragungsgeschwindigkeit w\u00e4hrend der \u00dcbertragung zu steuern und zu \u00e4ndern. In den meisten F\u00e4llen ist sie langsamer als zum Beispiel SPI oder I2C.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"Benachteiligungen\" class=\"wp-image-2328\" style=\"width:410px;height:200px\" width=\"410\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART-Nachteile<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART-Anwendungen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>UART ist sehr gut in der Lage, kleinere Datenmengen zu senden. Er wird von vielen GPS-Empf\u00e4ngern, Bluetooth-Modulen und drahtlosen Kommunikationssystemen verwendet.<strong> <\/strong>oder RFID-basierte Anwendungen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sie k\u00f6nnen die Schnittstelle auch verwenden, um Ihren Raspberry Pi mit Ihrem Raspberry Pi Pico zu verbinden, wie wir in diesem Video zeigen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Er eignet sich auch gut f\u00fcr Anwendungen mit gro\u00dfer Reichweite, bei denen SPI und I2C nicht in Frage kommen.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fde%2Fuart-der-universelle-asynchrone-empfanger-sender%2F&text=UART%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Universal%20Asynchronous%20Receiver-Transmitter\" title=\"Bei X teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei X teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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Sie erm\u00f6glicht die Kommunikation zweier Ger\u00e4te \u00fcber nur drei Dr\u00e4hte und unterst\u00fctzt variable Geschwindigkeiten. UART-Eigenschaften Wie der Name schon sagt, handelt es sich bei UART um eine asynchrone Schnittstelle. Im Gegensatz zu SPI oder I2C ist kein eigener Taktgeber erforderlich. Die beiden Ger\u00e4te m\u00fcssen lediglich die gleiche \u00dcbertragungsgeschwindigkeit verwenden....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[376,678,671,205,363,676,197,677,364,679,675],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bluetooth","tag-gnd","tag-gps","tag-i2c","tag-i2s","tag-rx","tag-spi","tag-tx","tag-uart","tag-what-is-uart","tag-wireless"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. It enables two devices to communicate over just three wires and supports variable speeds.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/de\/uart-der-universelle-asynchrone-empfanger-sender\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. 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