{"id":4508,"date":"2023-08-01T11:35:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T11:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=4508"},"modified":"2023-08-01T11:35:39","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T11:35:39","slug":"python-dispatch-making-the-gil-optional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/de\/python-dispatch-machen-die-gil-optional\/","title":{"rendered":"Python-Versand: Die GIL optional machen"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Lenkungsrat hat<a href=\"https:\/\/discuss.python.org\/t\/a-steering-council-notice-about-pep-703-making-the-global-interpreter-lock-optional-in-cpython\/30474\"> eine gro\u00dfe Ank\u00fcndigung \u00fcber die Zukunft von Python<\/a>. Sie haben n\u00e4mlich beschlossen, die Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in CPython optional zu machen und die GIL schlie\u00dflich ganz zu entfernen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dies ist eine wichtige Entscheidung, die Python grundlegend ver\u00e4ndern wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deshalb werde ich in diesem Beitrag erl\u00e4utern, was die GIL ist, welche Vor- und Nachteile sie hat und was die Zukunft bringt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Die GIL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lassen Sie mich das Global Interpreter Lock Wort f\u00fcr Wort in umgekehrter Reihenfolge durchgehen, beginnend mit <em>sperren<\/em> und dann <em>Dolmetscher<\/em> und schlie\u00dflich, <em>weltweit<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eine Sperre ist ein Mechanismus, der es nur einem Thread erlaubt, zur gleichen Zeit zu laufen. Wenn also ein Thread die Sperre in die H\u00e4nde bekommt, erh\u00e4lt er exklusiven Zugriff auf den Python-Interpreter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eine <a href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/whats-the-difference-between-micropython-circuitpython-cpython-anyway\/\">Interpreter ist das Programm zur Ausf\u00fchrung von Python-Code<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Das Wort \"global\" bezieht sich hier auf den Geltungsbereich der Interpretersperre. Da die Interpreter-Sperre global ist, garantiert sie, dass innerhalb eines einzelnen Prozesses jeweils nur ein Thread den Python-Code ausf\u00fchrt.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4520\" width=\"451\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1.png 645w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kredit: <a href=\"https:\/\/statusneo.com\/concurrency-in-python-threading-processes-and-asyncio\/\">StatusNeo<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Die GIL ist also ein Mechanismus, der verhindert, dass mehrere Threads gleichzeitig durch den Interpreter laufen. Aber warum sollte man das wollen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vorteile<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Hauptvorteil der GIL besteht darin, dass sie die Dinge einfacher macht. Die Verwaltung des Speichers ist einfacher, die Verwaltung von Threads ist einfacher, und die Erstellung von Modulen ist einfacher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ohne die GIL kann es beim Multithreading schnell zu Problemen kommen. Wenn Sie nicht die richtigen lokalen Sperren f\u00fcr jeden Thread einrichten, kann es passieren, dass Sie Python zum Absturz bringen oder einen anderen Speicher im Computer besch\u00e4digen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Und wenn man kein Multithreading betreibt, ist die GIL sehr hilfreich, weil sie daf\u00fcr sorgt, dass alles reibungslos l\u00e4uft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mit der GIL ist alles einfach und sicher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Warum sollten Sie das dann nicht wollen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benachteiligungen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Der Kompromiss besteht darin, dass die Einfachheit durch die Geschwindigkeit aufgehoben wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Da die GIL Multithreading verhindert, macht sie CPython langsamer und weniger leistungsf\u00e4hig als einige andere Sprachen (wie C++, Go und Rust).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vor allem mit der explosionsartigen Entwicklung der KI in den letzten Monaten wird die GIL immer mehr zu einem Problem bei der schnellen und effizienten Ausf\u00fchrung von Programmen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9OOJcTp8dqE\" title=\"Keynote: Multithreading-Python ohne GIL - pr\u00e4sentiert von Sam Gross\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9OOJcTp8dqE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Die Zukunft der GIL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nachdem der Lenkungsrat nun bekannt gegeben hat, dass er die <a href=\"https:\/\/peps.python.org\/pep-0703\/#alternatives\">Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) 703, geschrieben von Sam Gross<\/a>begeben wir uns in unerforschte Gew\u00e4sser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unz\u00e4hlige Erweiterungen wurden mit Blick auf die GIL geschrieben. Alle mit CPython gesetzten Standards h\u00e4ngen von der GIL ab. Jeder baut in CPython mit der GIL im Zentrum seiner Programme (entweder absichtlich oder nicht).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daher macht der Lenkungsrat die GIL zun\u00e4chst fakultativ, plant aber langfristig, die GIL vollst\u00e4ndig abzuschaffen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In dem Beitrag hei\u00dft es: \"Wir wollen keine dauerhafte Trennung zwischen Builds (und Erweiterungsmodulen) mit und ohne GIL schaffen.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dies wird Python v\u00f6llig ver\u00e4ndern, und, was vielleicht am interessantesten ist, auf eine Weise, die noch niemand kennt. Brett Cannon, <a href=\"https:\/\/discuss.python.org\/t\/poll-feedback-to-the-sc-on-making-cpython-free-threaded-and-pep-703\/28540\">in einer Umfrage an das Hauptentwicklungsteam<\/a>schrieb, dass \"Python free-threaded zu machen... eine Menge Unbekannte hat. Wir wissen nicht, wie viel Code sich implizit auf die GIL verl\u00e4sst oder auf subtile Weise unsicher ist, was durch die GIL verschleiert wird.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Die GIL verschwindet - was wird sie mitnehmen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Und, was noch wichtiger ist, wie wird das neue CPython aussehen?<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fde%2Fpython-dispatch-machen-die-gil-optional%2F&text=Python%20Dispatch%3A%20Making%20the%20GIL%20Optional\" title=\"Bei X teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei X teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#000; color:#000\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#000\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"#000\" d=\"M14.258 10.152L23.176 0h-2.113l-7.747 8.813L7.133 0H0l9.352 13.328L0 23.973h2.113l8.176-9.309 6.531 9.309h7.133zm-2.895 3.293l-.949-1.328L2.875 1.56h3.246l6.086 8.523.945 1.328 7.91 11.078h-3.246zm0 0\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#000\">teilen<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4273c8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fde%2Fpython-dispatch-machen-die-gil-optional%2F\" title=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#3b5998; color:#3b5998\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#3b5998\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 18 32\"><path fill=\"#3b5998\" d=\"M17.1 0.2v4.7h-2.8q-1.5 0-2.1 0.6t-0.5 1.9v3.4h5.2l-0.7 5.3h-4.5v13.6h-5.5v-13.6h-4.5v-5.3h4.5v-3.9q0-3.3 1.9-5.2t5-1.8q2.6 0 4.1 0.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#3b5998\">teilen<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button telegram shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4084A6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/telegram.me\/share\/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fde%2Fpython-dispatch-machen-die-gil-optional%2F&text=Python%20Dispatch%3A%20Making%20the%20GIL%20Optional\" title=\"Bei Telegram teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei Telegram teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#0088cc; color:#0088cc\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#0088cc\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\"><path fill=\"#0088cc\" d=\"M30.8 6.5l-4.5 21.4c-.3 1.5-1.2 1.9-2.5 1.2L16.9 24l-3.3 3.2c-.4.4-.7.7-1.4.7l.5-7L25.5 9.2c.6-.5-.1-.8-.9-.3l-15.8 10L2 16.7c-1.5-.5-1.5-1.5.3-2.2L28.9 4.3c1.3-.5 2.3.3 1.9 2.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#0088cc\">teilen<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button reddit shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#ff5700\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fde%2Fpython-dispatch-machen-die-gil-optional%2F\" title=\"Bei Reddit teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei Reddit teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#ff4500; color:#ff4500\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#ff4500\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path fill=\"#ff4500\" d=\"M440.3 203.5c-15 0-28.2 6.2-37.9 15.9-35.7-24.7-83.8-40.6-137.1-42.3L293 52.3l88.2 19.8c0 21.6 17.6 39.2 39.2 39.2 22 0 39.7-18.1 39.7-39.7s-17.6-39.7-39.7-39.7c-15.4 0-28.7 9.3-35.3 22l-97.4-21.6c-4.9-1.3-9.7 2.2-11 7.1L246.3 177c-52.9 2.2-100.5 18.1-136.3 42.8-9.7-10.1-23.4-16.3-38.4-16.3-55.6 0-73.8 74.6-22.9 100.1-1.8 7.9-2.6 16.3-2.6 24.7 0 83.8 94.4 151.7 210.3 151.7 116.4 0 210.8-67.9 210.8-151.7 0-8.4-.9-17.2-3.1-25.1 49.9-25.6 31.5-99.7-23.8-99.7zM129.4 308.9c0-22 17.6-39.7 39.7-39.7 21.6 0 39.2 17.6 39.2 39.7 0 21.6-17.6 39.2-39.2 39.2-22 .1-39.7-17.6-39.7-39.2zm214.3 93.5c-36.4 36.4-139.1 36.4-175.5 0-4-3.5-4-9.7 0-13.7 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 27.8 28.5 120 29 149 0 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 4.1 4 4.1 10.2.1 13.7zm-.8-54.2c-21.6 0-39.2-17.6-39.2-39.2 0-22 17.6-39.7 39.2-39.7 22 0 39.7 17.6 39.7 39.7-.1 21.5-17.7 39.2-39.7 39.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#ff4500\">teilen<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Der Lenkungsrat hat eine gro\u00dfe Ank\u00fcndigung bez\u00fcglich der Zukunft von Python gemacht. Sie haben n\u00e4mlich beschlossen, das Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in CPython optional zu machen und schlie\u00dflich das GIL ganz zu entfernen. Dies ist eine gro\u00dfe Entscheidung, die Python grundlegend ver\u00e4ndern wird. Daher werde ich in diesem Beitrag durchgehen, was die GIL ist, ihre...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1193,1721],"tags":[1726,1727,477,1731,1732,996,1729,1722,14,1723,1728,1725,476,1730,1724],"class_list":["post-4508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-python-dispatch","tag-async","tag-asynchronous-programming","tag-circuitpython","tag-concurrency","tag-concurrent-programming","tag-cpython","tag-gil","tag-global-interpreter-lock","tag-micropython","tag-multithreading","tag-parallel-programming","tag-parallelism","tag-python","tag-python-dispatch","tag-single-threading"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Python Dispatch: Making the GIL Optional | 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