{"id":1995,"date":"2022-04-08T12:15:37","date_gmt":"2022-04-08T12:15:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=1995"},"modified":"2023-10-05T12:13:29","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T12:13:29","slug":"part-2-how-does-flash-memory-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/el\/%ce%bc%ce%ad%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%82-2-%cf%80%cf%8e%cf%82-%ce%bb%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%81%ce%b3%ce%b5%ce%af-%ce%b7-%ce%bc%ce%bd%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%b7-%cf%86%ce%bb%ce%b1%cf%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 2 - \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 flash;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Thumbnail-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 flash\" class=\"wp-image-1996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Thumbnail-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Thumbnail-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Thumbnail-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Thumbnail-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Thumbnail-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Thumbnail.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd SD - \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 SD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c0 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 SD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 flash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 SD \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/sd-card-classes\/\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1 - \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 SD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 2 - \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 flash<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 3 - <a href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/part-3-what-are-card-grades-and-why-are-they-important\/\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#why-silicon\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#silicon-wafer-production\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#production-of-dies\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#flash-memory-structure\">\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 Flash<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#reading-and-writing-data\">\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03cd\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-Flash-Memory-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1 SD \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Flash Memory infographic\" class=\"wp-image-2011\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-Flash-Memory-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-Flash-Memory-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-Flash-Memory-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-Flash-Memory-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-Flash-Memory-1448x2048.jpg 1448w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-Flash-Memory-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-Flash-Memory-scaled.jpg 1811w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">5 \u039c\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 Flash<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-silicon\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 flash \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03c3\u03af\u03c0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ac\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Silicon-1024x513.jpg\" alt=\"\u03a0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\" class=\"wp-image-2001\" style=\"width:393px;height:196px\" width=\"393\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Silicon-1024x513.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Silicon-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Silicon-768x385.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Silicon-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Silicon.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"silicon-wafer-production\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf Czochralski \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Czochralski<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 Jan Czochralski \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Czochralski-method-1024x360.jpg\" alt=\"\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Czochralski\" class=\"wp-image-2003\" style=\"width:678px;height:238px\" width=\"678\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Czochralski-method-1024x360.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Czochralski-method-300x106.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Czochralski-method-768x270.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Czochralski-method-1536x540.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Czochralski-method-2048x720.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Czochralski-method-18x6.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 Czochralski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ae\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ad \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 (\u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 100-500 \u03bcm). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"production-of-dies\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2 <strong>\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a1\u03af\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Photolitography-1024x431.jpg\" alt=\"\u03a6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\" class=\"wp-image-2006\" style=\"width:559px;height:235px\" width=\"559\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Photolitography-1024x431.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Photolitography-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Photolitography-768x324.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Photolitography-1536x647.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Photolitography-2048x863.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Photolitography-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd \u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c6\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1. \u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 flash. \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"flash-memory-structure\">\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 Flash<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 1 Bit. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Cell-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"\u039a\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash\" class=\"wp-image-2010\" style=\"width:691px;height:236px\" width=\"691\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Cell-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Cell-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Cell-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Cell-1536x526.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Cell-2048x702.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Flash-Memory-Cell-18x6.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u039a\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reading-and-writing-data\">\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf Bit, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 0V \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 3V \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae. \u0397 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc 0 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae 0V \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 7V \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 10V \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 10 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1! \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 flash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc 1, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 0V \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 10V. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03af. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash, \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2: <a href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/part-3-what-are-card-grades-and-why-are-they-important\/\">\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1 SD, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, <a href=\"https:\/\/buyzero.de\/collections\/raspberry-pi-4-zubehor\/products\/16gb-sandisk-sd-karte\">buyzero.de<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fel%2F%25ce%25bc%25ce%25ad%25cf%2581%25ce%25bf%25cf%2582-2-%25cf%2580%25cf%258e%25cf%2582-%25ce%25bb%25ce%25b5%25ce%25b9%25cf%2584%25ce%25bf%25cf%2585%25cf%2581%25ce%25b3%25ce%25b5%25ce%25af-%25ce%25b7-%25ce%25bc%25ce%25bd%25ce%25ae%25ce%25bc%25ce%25b7-%25cf%2586%25ce%25bb%25ce%25b1%25cf%2582%2F&text=Part%202%20%E2%80%93%20How%20does%20flash%20memory%20work%3F\" title=\"\u039c\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf X\" aria-label=\"\u039c\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#000; color:#000\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#000\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"#000\" d=\"M14.258 10.152L23.176 0h-2.113l-7.747 8.813L7.133 0H0l9.352 13.328L0 23.973h2.113l8.176-9.309 6.531 9.309h7.133zm-2.895 3.293l-.949-1.328L2.875 1.56h3.246l6.086 8.523.945 1.328 7.91 11.078h-3.246zm0 0\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#000\">\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4273c8\"><a 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\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 SD \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c0 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 flash. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 SD \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 flash. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 SD \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1996,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[169,177,179,178,171,170,167,166,168,173,172,175,174],"class_list":["post-1995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sd-cards","tag-card","tag-flash","tag-flash-memory","tag-memory","tag-micro","tag-mini","tag-sd","tag-sd-card","tag-sda","tag-sdhc","tag-sdsc","tag-sduc","tag-sdxc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Part 2 - How does flash memory work? | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SD Card classes and flash memory can be confusing. 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