{"id":2318,"date":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","slug":"uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/es\/uart-el-receptor-asincrono-universal-transmisor\/","title":{"rendered":"UART - El receptor-transmisor as\u00edncrono universal"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Todo sobre UART T\u00edtulo Imagen\" class=\"wp-image-5344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La UART es una interfaz serie full duplex. Permite que dos dispositivos se comuniquen a trav\u00e9s de s\u00f3lo tres hilos y admite velocidades variables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caracter\u00edsticas de la UART<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Como su nombre indica, UART es una interfaz as\u00edncrona. A diferencia de SPI o I2C, no hay necesidad de un reloj dedicado. Los dos dispositivos s\u00f3lo necesitan utilizar la misma velocidad de transmisi\u00f3n. La velocidad de transmisi\u00f3n es variable y dicta cu\u00e1ntos bits puede enviar el bus cada segundo (bits\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"Caracter\u00edsticas de la UART\" class=\"wp-image-2322\" style=\"width:647px;height:173px\" width=\"647\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Caracter\u00edsticas de la UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>El formato de los datos tambi\u00e9n es configurable. Por lo tanto, otra forma de medir la velocidad de transmisi\u00f3n es la tasa de baudios (baudios\/s), donde un baudio es un s\u00edmbolo o car\u00e1cter. As\u00ed, si un baudio consta de 8 bits, significa que una tasa de bits de 115200 bits\/s equivale a 14400 baudios\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La UART utiliza dos cables de datos, por lo que en la mayor\u00eda de los casos la comunicaci\u00f3n es full duplex (ambas direcciones al mismo tiempo). Adem\u00e1s, ambos dispositivos UART necesitan un cable para compartir la tensi\u00f3n de referencia de tierra. En resumen, esto significa que s\u00f3lo necesitas tres cables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cableado<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un dispositivo UART necesita tres pines para comunicarse. <strong>RX<\/strong> para leer, <strong>TX<\/strong> para transmitir y <strong>GND<\/strong> para la referencia de tierra.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg\" alt=\"Cableado UART\" class=\"wp-image-2323\" style=\"width:633px;height:239px\" width=\"633\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-768x290.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1536x580.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-2048x774.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cableado UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Conecta los pines RX de ambos dispositivos a los pines TX del otro dispositivo. Conecta ambos pines GND y ya has terminado con la configuraci\u00f3n del hardware.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En teor\u00eda, incluso podr\u00edas conectar los pines RX de varios dispositivos en el pin TX de un dispositivo. De esta manera, si sabes lo que est\u00e1s haciendo, puedes dejar que un dispositivo transmita los datos a m\u00faltiples dispositivos. Pero el RX de cualquier dispositivo s\u00f3lo puede conectarse a un pin TX a la vez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comunicaci\u00f3n UART<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Debe ajustar ambos dispositivos a la misma velocidad de transmisi\u00f3n. Si difiere en m\u00e1s de 3% los datos se corromper\u00e1n. Las velocidades m\u00e1s comunes son 4800, 9600, 19200 y 115200, entre otras. Adem\u00e1s, ambos dispositivos deben acordar el mismo formato de datos y el mismo bit de paridad. El bit de paridad es un medio para comprobar que los datos transmitidos no tienen errores.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"Comunicaci\u00f3n UART\" class=\"wp-image-2325\" style=\"width:687px;height:299px\" width=\"687\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Comunicaci\u00f3n UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Cada vez que un dispositivo quiere transmitir datos, comienza enviando el bit de inicio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El estado de reposo del cable de datos es ALTO, por lo que el transmisor lo pone en BAJO durante un ciclo de reloj. A continuaci\u00f3n, tira del cable en LOW para un 0 y en HIGH para un 1 en la frecuencia exacta de la tasa de baudios. Despu\u00e9s de cada trama de datos env\u00eda un bit de paridad si se desea la comprobaci\u00f3n de errores. Luego pone el cable en ALTO para se\u00f1alar el bit de parada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ventajas, desventajas y aplicaciones<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ventajas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La ventaja m\u00e1s llamativa es la sencillez de la UART. Tanto el software como el hardware son extremadamente f\u00e1ciles de configurar. La velocidad variable permite mantener un consumo de energ\u00eda muy bajo. Y, por supuesto, la interfaz permite una comunicaci\u00f3n full duplex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, los datos pueden viajar a grandes distancias, hasta 1000 metros.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg\" alt=\"Ventajas\" class=\"wp-image-2329\" style=\"width:410px;height:199px\" width=\"410\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ventajas de la UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Desventajas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La interfaz se limita b\u00e1sicamente a dos dispositivos. Adem\u00e1s, no hay reloj para controlar y cambiar la velocidad de transmisi\u00f3n durante la misma. En la mayor\u00eda de los casos es m\u00e1s lento que, por ejemplo, SPI o I2C.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"Desventajas\" class=\"wp-image-2328\" style=\"width:410px;height:200px\" width=\"410\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Desventajas de la UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aplicaciones UART<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La UART es muy capaz de enviar peque\u00f1as cantidades de datos. Es utilizado por muchos receptores GPS, m\u00f3dulos Bluetooth, sistemas de comunicaci\u00f3n inal\u00e1mbrica<strong> <\/strong>o aplicaciones basadas en RFID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n puedes utilizar la interfaz para conectar tu Raspberry Pi a tu Raspberry Pi Pico como mostramos en este v\u00eddeo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n funciona bien en aplicaciones de largo alcance donde SPI e I2C no son una opci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fes%2Fuart-el-receptor-asincrono-universal-transmisor%2F&text=UART%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Universal%20Asynchronous%20Receiver-Transmitter\" title=\"Compartir en X\" aria-label=\"Compartir en X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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Permite que dos dispositivos se comuniquen a trav\u00e9s de s\u00f3lo tres hilos y soporta velocidades variables. Caracter\u00edsticas de UART Como su nombre indica, UART es una interfaz as\u00edncrona. A diferencia de SPI o I2C no hay necesidad de un reloj dedicado. Los dos dispositivos s\u00f3lo necesitan utilizar la misma velocidad de transmisi\u00f3n....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[376,678,671,205,363,676,197,677,364,679,675],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bluetooth","tag-gnd","tag-gps","tag-i2c","tag-i2s","tag-rx","tag-spi","tag-tx","tag-uart","tag-what-is-uart","tag-wireless"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. 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