{"id":2236,"date":"2022-05-11T18:44:30","date_gmt":"2022-05-11T18:44:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2236"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:53:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:53:06","slug":"i2c-the-inter-integrated-circuit-bus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/fr\/i2c-le-circuit-integre-bus\/","title":{"rendered":"I2C - Le bus de circuit int\u00e9gr\u00e9 (Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Tout sur I2C Image de titre\" class=\"wp-image-5346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/i2c-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le bus I2C est tr\u00e8s couramment utilis\u00e9 dans le domaine de l'embarqu\u00e9. Nous vous expliquons comment il fonctionne et comment le configurer sur le Raspberry Pi \u00e0 l'aide d'un exemple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caract\u00e9ristiques I2C<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le bus \u00e0 circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s est un bus de communication s\u00e9rie synchrone. C'est \u00e0 Philips Semiconductors que l'on doit son invention en 1982, mais l'interface a rapidement gagn\u00e9 en popularit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"Caract\u00e9ristiques I2C\" class=\"wp-image-2247\" style=\"width:662px;height:177px\" width=\"662\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Characteristics-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Caract\u00e9ristiques I2C<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les synonymes couramment utilis\u00e9s sont I<sup>2<\/sup>C, I2C ou IIC. L'interface utilise une architecture contr\u00f4leur-cible et permet au contr\u00f4leur de communiquer avec jusqu'\u00e0 112 dispositifs avec seulement deux fils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le contr\u00f4leur peut adapter le d\u00e9bit binaire pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de la cible. Par cons\u00e9quent, I2C est compatible avec de nombreux dispositifs tels que les capteurs, les dispositifs EEPROM, les horloges, les pilotes de moteur et plus encore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2blage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le c\u00e2blage du bus I2C ne pourrait vraiment pas \u00eatre plus simple, puisque vous n'avez besoin que de deux fils. Connectez la broche d'horloge s\u00e9rie (SCL) du contr\u00f4leur aux broches d'horloge s\u00e9rie des cibles et connectez \u00e9galement leurs broches de donn\u00e9es s\u00e9rie (SDA). Le logiciel I2C fera le reste.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-1024x414.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e2blage I2C\" class=\"wp-image-2249\" style=\"width:524px;height:211px\" width=\"524\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-1024x414.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-768x311.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-1536x622.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-2048x829.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">C\u00e2blage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si vous devez fournir de l'\u00e9nergie \u00e0 votre dispositif I2C, vous pouvez utiliser les broches 3V3, 5V et GROUND de votre Raspberry Pi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains appareils, comme notre <a href=\"https:\/\/buyzero.de\/en\/products\/luftqualitatssensor-bosch-bme688-breakout-board?_pos=6&amp;_sid=0066ef795&amp;_ss=r\">BME688 Breakout Board<\/a> ont une t\u00eate I2C de sorte que vous n'avez pas besoin de fils pour les connecter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Communication I2C<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le bus \u00e0 circuit int\u00e9gr\u00e9 peut connecter 128 appareils avec seulement deux fils. Cela est possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un principe de communication ing\u00e9nieux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les fils (SDA et SCL) ne sont jamais activement pilot\u00e9s vers le haut. Si un dispositif veut envoyer un 1 logique, il laisse le fil flottant. Pour envoyer un z\u00e9ro logique, il tire le fil \u00e0 la masse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le contr\u00f4leur initie la communication. N'importe quel appareil du r\u00e9seau peut servir de contr\u00f4leur et de cible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le graphique ci-dessous montre les diff\u00e9rents bits.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"Communication I2C\" class=\"wp-image-2252\" style=\"width:549px;height:239px\" width=\"549\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-768x336.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Communication I2C<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour d\u00e9marrer la communication, le contr\u00f4leur envoie un bit de d\u00e9part suivi de l'adresse I2C de la cible et du mode de fonctionnement souhait\u00e9 (R - lecture ou W - \u00e9criture).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans la communication I2C, la cible doit renvoyer un bit ACK tous les 8 bits (apr\u00e8s chaque octet). L'espace d'adressage \u00e9tant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 7 bits, il existe 128 adresses (0 \u00e0 127). 16 d'entre elles sont r\u00e9serv\u00e9es. Il reste donc 112 adresses possibles pour les p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'adresse de la cible et le mode de fonctionnement sont d'un octet, la cible doit donc renvoyer un bit ACK. Ensuite, le contr\u00f4leur envoie l'adresse du registre (8 bits), que la cible acquitte \u00e0 nouveau. \u00c0 partir de l\u00e0, la communication en lecture et en \u00e9criture diff\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour l'\u00e9criture, le contr\u00f4leur envoie simplement les donn\u00e9es par blocs de 8 bits. La cible accuse r\u00e9ception de chaque bloc. Une fois que le contr\u00f4leur a fini d'\u00e9crire, il envoie le bit d'arr\u00eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour la lecture, le contr\u00f4leur envoie \u00e0 nouveau le bit de d\u00e9part, suivi de l'adresse de la cible. La cible acquitte et commence \u00e0 envoyer les donn\u00e9es par blocs de 8 bits. Cette fois, le contr\u00f4leur doit acquitter chaque octet. Pour arr\u00eater la lecture, le contr\u00f4leur envoie le bit NACK et enfin le bit Stop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avantages, inconv\u00e9nients et applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les avantages du bus I2C sont assez clairs. Vous pouvez connecter 128 appareils avec seulement deux fils et deux broches chacun. C'est tr\u00e8s puissant. De plus, vous disposez de vitesses flexibles. La mise en place du mat\u00e9riel peut difficilement \u00eatre plus simple. Contrairement \u00e0 SPI, le contr\u00f4leur sait si la cible a re\u00e7u les donn\u00e9es correctement.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-1024x443.jpg\" alt=\"Avantages\" class=\"wp-image-2251\" style=\"width:340px;height:147px\" width=\"340\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-1024x443.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-768x333.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Avantages<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inconv\u00e9nients<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le bus de circuit d'int\u00e9gration n\u00e9cessite plus d'espace et d'\u00e9nergie car il utilise des r\u00e9sistances d'excursion haute. Il est plus lent que le SPI. Vous pouvez rencontrer des probl\u00e8mes si deux dispositifs utilisent la m\u00eame adresse I2C. L'adresse est stock\u00e9e directement sur le dispositif. Certains appareils vous permettent de choisir entre deux adresses possibles en soudant un cavalier \u00e0 un endroit sp\u00e9cifique de l'appareil.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-1024x444.jpg\" alt=\"Inconv\u00e9nients\" class=\"wp-image-2250\" style=\"width:372px;height:161px\" width=\"372\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-1024x444.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-768x333.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/I2C-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Inconv\u00e9nients<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Applications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si vous cherchez <a href=\"https:\/\/buyzero.de\/en\/search?type=product&amp;options%5Bprefix%5D=last&amp;options%5Bunavailable_products%5D=last&amp;q=sensor\">Capteur<\/a> Dans notre boutique, vous remarquerez que presque tous les capteurs qui ne sont pas analogiques utilisent l'interface I2C. Elle est tr\u00e8s courante dans l'espace embarqu\u00e9. Il y a des choses comme la m\u00e9moire I2C. Souvent, les micro-contr\u00f4leurs utilisent ce bus pour communiquer. En plus de cela, de nombreux DACs (<strong>D<\/strong>igital <strong>A<\/strong>nalog <strong>C<\/strong>onvertisseur) et des ADC (<strong>A<\/strong>nalog <strong>D<\/strong>igital <strong>C<\/strong>onverter) sont compatibles avec l'interface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I2C sur le Raspberry Pi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notre site <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GSmq8ZH01Sg\">vid\u00e9o<\/a> montre comment configurer le bus de circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s sur votre Raspberry Pi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GSmq8ZH01Sg\" title=\"I2C sur le Raspberry Pi - COMMENT utiliser I2C avec Python\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GSmq8ZH01Sg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; 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Nous vous expliquons comment il fonctionne et comment le configurer sur le Raspberry Pi \u00e0 l'aide d'un exemple. Caract\u00e9ristiques de l'I2C Le bus Inter-Integrated Circuit est un bus de communication s\u00e9rie synchrone. Philips Semiconductors est \u00e0 l'origine de son invention en 1982 mais l'interface a rapidement gagn\u00e9...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[208,205,206,207,201,204,189,188,187],"class_list":["post-2236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bus","tag-i2c","tag-iic","tag-inter-integrated-circuit","tag-interface","tag-knowledge","tag-pi","tag-raspberry","tag-raspberry-pi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>I2C - The Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The I2C bus is very commonly used in the embedded realm. 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