{"id":2318,"date":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","slug":"uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/fr\/uart-le-recepteur-emetteur-asynchrone-universel\/","title":{"rendered":"UART - Le r\u00e9cepteur-\u00e9metteur asynchrone universel."},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Tout sur l&#039;UART Image de titre\" class=\"wp-image-5344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>UART est une interface s\u00e9rie full duplex. Elle permet \u00e0 deux dispositifs de communiquer sur seulement trois fils et supporte des vitesses variables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caract\u00e9ristiques de l'UART<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme son nom l'indique, UART est une interface asynchrone. Contrairement \u00e0 SPI ou I2C, il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire d'utiliser une horloge d\u00e9di\u00e9e. Les deux appareils doivent simplement utiliser la m\u00eame vitesse de transmission. La vitesse de transmission est variable et dicte le nombre de bits que le bus peut envoyer par seconde (bits\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"Caract\u00e9ristiques de l&#039;UART\" class=\"wp-image-2322\" style=\"width:647px;height:173px\" width=\"647\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Caract\u00e9ristiques de l'UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Le format des donn\u00e9es est \u00e9galement configurable. Une autre fa\u00e7on de mesurer la vitesse de transmission est donc le d\u00e9bit binaire (bauds\/s), o\u00f9 un baud correspond \u00e0 un symbole ou \u00e0 un caract\u00e8re. Ainsi, si un baud est constitu\u00e9 de 8 bits, cela signifie qu'un d\u00e9bit de 115200 bits\/s \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 14400 bauds\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UART utilise deux fils de donn\u00e9es, de sorte que dans la plupart des cas, la communication est full duplex (les deux directions en m\u00eame temps). En outre, les deux dispositifs UART ont besoin d'un fil pour partager la tension de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de la TERRE. En somme, cela signifie que vous n'avez besoin que de trois fils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2blage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un dispositif UART a besoin de trois broches pour communiquer. <strong>RX<\/strong> pour la lecture, <strong>TX<\/strong> pour transmettre et <strong>GND<\/strong> pour la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la TERRE.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e2blage UART\" class=\"wp-image-2323\" style=\"width:633px;height:239px\" width=\"633\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-768x290.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1536x580.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-2048x774.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">C\u00e2blage UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Branchez les broches RX des deux appareils sur les broches TX de l'autre appareil. Connectez les deux broches GND et vous avez termin\u00e9 la configuration mat\u00e9rielle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En th\u00e9orie, vous pouvez m\u00eame connecter les broches RX de plusieurs appareils \u00e0 la broche TX d'un appareil. De cette fa\u00e7on, si vous savez ce que vous faites, vous pouvez laisser un appareil diffuser les donn\u00e9es \u00e0 plusieurs appareils. Mais la broche RX d'un appareil ne peut \u00eatre connect\u00e9e qu'\u00e0 une seule broche TX \u00e0 la fois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Communication UART<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vous devez r\u00e9gler les deux appareils sur le m\u00eame d\u00e9bit en bauds. S'il diff\u00e8re de plus de 3%, les donn\u00e9es seront corrompues. Les d\u00e9bits en bauds courants sont, entre autres, 4800, 9600, 19200 et 115200. En outre, les deux appareils doivent accepter le m\u00eame format de donn\u00e9es et le m\u00eame bit de parit\u00e9. Le bit de parit\u00e9 est un moyen de v\u00e9rifier l'absence d'erreurs dans les donn\u00e9es transmises.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"Communication UART\" class=\"wp-image-2325\" style=\"width:687px;height:299px\" width=\"687\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Communication UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Lorsqu'un appareil veut transmettre des donn\u00e9es, il commence par envoyer le bit de d\u00e9part.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'\u00e9tat de repos du fil de donn\u00e9es \u00e9tant HAUT, l'\u00e9metteur le tire vers le BAS pendant un cycle d'horloge. Ensuite, il tire le fil vers le BAS pour un 0 et vers le HAUT pour un 1 \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quence exacte du d\u00e9bit en bauds. Apr\u00e8s chaque trame de donn\u00e9es, il envoie un bit de parit\u00e9 si le contr\u00f4le d'erreur est souhait\u00e9. Puis il met le fil HAUT pour signaler le bit d'arr\u00eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avantages, inconv\u00e9nients et applications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L'avantage le plus frappant est la simplicit\u00e9 de l'UART. Le logiciel et le mat\u00e9riel sont extr\u00eamement faciles \u00e0 configurer. La vitesse variable signifie que vous pouvez maintenir une consommation d'\u00e9nergie tr\u00e8s faible. Et bien s\u00fbr, l'interface permet une communication en duplex int\u00e9gral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En outre, les donn\u00e9es peuvent parcourir de longues distances, jusqu'\u00e0 1000 m\u00e8tres.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg\" alt=\"Avantages\" class=\"wp-image-2329\" style=\"width:410px;height:199px\" width=\"410\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Avantages de l'UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inconv\u00e9nients<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L'interface est fondamentalement limit\u00e9e \u00e0 deux dispositifs. Il n'y a pas non plus d'horloge pour contr\u00f4ler et modifier la vitesse de transmission pendant la transmission. Dans la plupart des cas, elle est plus lente que par exemple SPI ou I2C.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"Inconv\u00e9nients\" class=\"wp-image-2328\" style=\"width:410px;height:200px\" width=\"410\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Inconv\u00e9nients de l'UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Applications UART<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L'UART est tr\u00e8s capable d'envoyer de petites quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es. Il est utilis\u00e9 par de nombreux r\u00e9cepteurs GPS, modules Bluetooth, syst\u00e8mes de communication sans fil.<strong> <\/strong>ou des applications bas\u00e9es sur la RFID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vous pouvez \u00e9galement utiliser l'interface pour connecter votre Raspberry Pi \u00e0 votre Raspberry Pi Pico comme nous le montrons dans cette vid\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est \u00e9galement performant dans les applications \u00e0 longue port\u00e9e o\u00f9 SPI et I2C ne sont pas une option.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Ffr%2Fuart-le-recepteur-emetteur-asynchrone-universel%2F&text=UART%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Universal%20Asynchronous%20Receiver-Transmitter\" title=\"Envoyer par X\" aria-label=\"Envoyer par X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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Elle permet \u00e0 deux p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques de communiquer sur seulement trois fils et supporte des vitesses variables. Caract\u00e9ristiques de l'UART Comme son nom l'indique, l'UART est une interface asynchrone. Contrairement \u00e0 SPI ou I2C, il n'est pas n\u00e9cessaire d'avoir une horloge d\u00e9di\u00e9e. Les deux dispositifs doivent simplement utiliser la m\u00eame vitesse de transmission.....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[376,678,671,205,363,676,197,677,364,679,675],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bluetooth","tag-gnd","tag-gps","tag-i2c","tag-i2s","tag-rx","tag-spi","tag-tx","tag-uart","tag-what-is-uart","tag-wireless"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. It enables two devices to communicate over just three wires and supports variable speeds.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/fr\/uart-le-recepteur-emetteur-asynchrone-universel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. 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