{"id":4508,"date":"2023-08-01T11:35:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T11:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=4508"},"modified":"2023-08-01T11:35:39","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T11:35:39","slug":"python-dispatch-making-the-gil-optional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/fr\/python-dispatch-faire-du-gil-optionnel\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Dispatch : Rendre la GIL optionnelle"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Conseil de pilotage a fait<a href=\"https:\/\/discuss.python.org\/t\/a-steering-council-notice-about-pep-703-making-the-global-interpreter-lock-optional-in-cpython\/30474\"> une grande annonce concernant l'avenir de Python<\/a>. Ils ont notamment d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de rendre le verrouillage global de l'interpr\u00e8te (GIL) facultatif dans CPython et, \u00e0 terme, de supprimer compl\u00e8tement le GIL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il s'agit d'une d\u00e9cision importante qui modifiera fondamentalement Python.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C'est pourquoi, dans ce billet, je vais expliquer ce qu'est l'EIG, ses avantages et ses inconv\u00e9nients, et ce que l'avenir lui r\u00e9serve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le GIL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Permettez-moi de parcourir l'\u00c9cluse de l'interpr\u00e8te global, un mot \u00e0 la fois, dans l'ordre inverse, en commen\u00e7ant par <em>serrure<\/em> et ensuite <em>interpr\u00e8te<\/em> et enfin, <em>mondial<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un verrou est un m\u00e9canisme qui ne permet qu'\u00e0 un seul thread de s'ex\u00e9cuter \u00e0 la fois. Ainsi, lorsqu'un thread s'empare du verrou, il obtient un acc\u00e8s exclusif \u00e0 l'interpr\u00e9teur Python.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un <a href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/whats-the-difference-between-micropython-circuitpython-cpython-anyway\/\">l'interpr\u00e9teur est le programme qui ex\u00e9cute le code Python<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le mot \"global\" fait ici r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la port\u00e9e du verrou de l'interpr\u00e8te. Le verrouillage de l'interpr\u00e9teur \u00e9tant global, il garantit qu'un seul thread ex\u00e9cute le code Python \u00e0 la fois au sein d'un m\u00eame processus.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4520\" width=\"451\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1.png 645w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cr\u00e9dit : <a href=\"https:\/\/statusneo.com\/concurrency-in-python-threading-processes-and-asyncio\/\">StatutNeo<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>La GIL est donc un m\u00e9canisme qui emp\u00eache l'ex\u00e9cution simultan\u00e9e de plusieurs threads dans l'interpr\u00e9teur. Mais pourquoi voudriez-vous cela ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avantages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le principal avantage de la GIL est qu'elle facilite les choses. La gestion de la m\u00e9moire est plus facile, la gestion des threads est donc plus facile, et la cr\u00e9ation de modules est donc plus facile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sans la GIL, vous pouvez rapidement rencontrer des probl\u00e8mes avec le multithreading. Si vous ne mettez pas en place les verrous locaux appropri\u00e9s pour chaque thread, vous risquez de faire planter Python ou de corrompre une autre m\u00e9moire de l'ordinateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et si vous ne faites pas de multithreading, la GIL est tr\u00e8s utile, car elle assure le bon fonctionnement de l'ensemble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La GIL permet donc de simplifier les choses et de les rendre plus s\u00fbres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors pourquoi ne le voudriez-vous pas ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inconv\u00e9nients<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le compromis ici est la facilit\u00e9 pour la rapidit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En emp\u00eachant le multithreading, la GIL rend CPython plus lent et moins performant que d'autres langages (comme C++, Go et Rust).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec l'explosion de l'IA au cours des derniers mois, la GIL devient de plus en plus un probl\u00e8me pour l'ex\u00e9cution rapide et efficace des programmes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9OOJcTp8dqE\" title=\"Keynote : Multithreaded Python without the GIL - pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Sam Gross\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9OOJcTp8dqE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L'avenir de la GIL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que le Conseil directeur a annonc\u00e9 qu'il acceptait l'accord de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, il est temps de passer \u00e0 l'action. <a href=\"https:\/\/peps.python.org\/pep-0703\/#alternatives\">Proposition d'am\u00e9lioration de Python (PEP) 703, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par Sam Gross<\/a>Nous entrons dans des eaux inexplor\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D'innombrables extensions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crites en tenant compte de la GIL. Toutes les normes \u00e9tablies avec CPython d\u00e9pendent de la GIL. Tout le monde construit en CPython avec la GIL au centre de ses programmes (intentionnellement ou non).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, le Conseil de pilotage rend l'IME facultatif dans un premier temps, mais \u00e0 long terme, il pr\u00e9voit de l'\u00e9liminer compl\u00e8tement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme ils l'ont indiqu\u00e9 dans le message, \"nous ne voulons pas cr\u00e9er un clivage permanent entre les constructions (et les modules d'extension) avec ou sans GIL\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cela va absolument transformer Python et, ce qui est peut-\u00eatre le plus int\u00e9ressant, d'une mani\u00e8re que personne ne conna\u00eet encore. Brett Cannon, <a href=\"https:\/\/discuss.python.org\/t\/poll-feedback-to-the-sc-on-making-cpython-free-threaded-and-pep-703\/28540\">dans un sondage adress\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9quipe des d\u00e9veloppeurs de base<\/a>Il a \u00e9crit que \"rendre Python libre de threads... comporte beaucoup d'inconnues. Nous ne savons pas combien de code repose implicitement sur la GIL, ou n'est pas s\u00fbr pour les threads de mani\u00e8re subtile qui est masqu\u00e9e par la GIL\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le GIL dispara\u00eet - que va-t-il emporter avec lui ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et, plus important encore, \u00e0 quoi ressemblera le nouveau CPython ?<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Ffr%2Fpython-dispatch-faire-du-gil-optionnel%2F&text=Python%20Dispatch%3A%20Making%20the%20GIL%20Optional\" title=\"Envoyer par X\" aria-label=\"Envoyer par X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#000; color:#000\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#000\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"#000\" d=\"M14.258 10.152L23.176 0h-2.113l-7.747 8.813L7.133 0H0l9.352 13.328L0 23.973h2.113l8.176-9.309 6.531 9.309h7.133zm-2.895 3.293l-.949-1.328L2.875 1.56h3.246l6.086 8.523.945 1.328 7.91 11.078h-3.246zm0 0\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#000\">partager<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4273c8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Ffr%2Fpython-dispatch-faire-du-gil-optionnel%2F\" title=\"Envoyer par Facebook\" aria-label=\"Envoyer par Facebook\" role=\"button\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#3b5998; color:#3b5998\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#3b5998\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 18 32\"><path fill=\"#3b5998\" d=\"M17.1 0.2v4.7h-2.8q-1.5 0-2.1 0.6t-0.5 1.9v3.4h5.2l-0.7 5.3h-4.5v13.6h-5.5v-13.6h-4.5v-5.3h4.5v-3.9q0-3.3 1.9-5.2t5-1.8q2.6 0 4.1 0.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#3b5998\">partager<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button telegram shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4084A6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/telegram.me\/share\/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Ffr%2Fpython-dispatch-faire-du-gil-optionnel%2F&text=Python%20Dispatch%3A%20Making%20the%20GIL%20Optional\" title=\"Envoyer par Telegram\" aria-label=\"Envoyer par Telegram\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#0088cc; color:#0088cc\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#0088cc\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\"><path fill=\"#0088cc\" d=\"M30.8 6.5l-4.5 21.4c-.3 1.5-1.2 1.9-2.5 1.2L16.9 24l-3.3 3.2c-.4.4-.7.7-1.4.7l.5-7L25.5 9.2c.6-.5-.1-.8-.9-.3l-15.8 10L2 16.7c-1.5-.5-1.5-1.5.3-2.2L28.9 4.3c1.3-.5 2.3.3 1.9 2.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#0088cc\">partager<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button reddit shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#ff5700\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Ffr%2Fpython-dispatch-faire-du-gil-optionnel%2F\" title=\"Envoyer par Reddit\" aria-label=\"Envoyer par Reddit\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#ff4500; color:#ff4500\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#ff4500\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path fill=\"#ff4500\" d=\"M440.3 203.5c-15 0-28.2 6.2-37.9 15.9-35.7-24.7-83.8-40.6-137.1-42.3L293 52.3l88.2 19.8c0 21.6 17.6 39.2 39.2 39.2 22 0 39.7-18.1 39.7-39.7s-17.6-39.7-39.7-39.7c-15.4 0-28.7 9.3-35.3 22l-97.4-21.6c-4.9-1.3-9.7 2.2-11 7.1L246.3 177c-52.9 2.2-100.5 18.1-136.3 42.8-9.7-10.1-23.4-16.3-38.4-16.3-55.6 0-73.8 74.6-22.9 100.1-1.8 7.9-2.6 16.3-2.6 24.7 0 83.8 94.4 151.7 210.3 151.7 116.4 0 210.8-67.9 210.8-151.7 0-8.4-.9-17.2-3.1-25.1 49.9-25.6 31.5-99.7-23.8-99.7zM129.4 308.9c0-22 17.6-39.7 39.7-39.7 21.6 0 39.2 17.6 39.2 39.7 0 21.6-17.6 39.2-39.2 39.2-22 .1-39.7-17.6-39.7-39.2zm214.3 93.5c-36.4 36.4-139.1 36.4-175.5 0-4-3.5-4-9.7 0-13.7 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 27.8 28.5 120 29 149 0 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 4.1 4 4.1 10.2.1 13.7zm-.8-54.2c-21.6 0-39.2-17.6-39.2-39.2 0-22 17.6-39.7 39.2-39.7 22 0 39.7 17.6 39.7 39.7-.1 21.5-17.7 39.2-39.7 39.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#ff4500\">partager<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Steering Council a fait une annonce importante concernant l'avenir de Python. En effet, il a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de rendre le Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) optionnel dans CPython et, \u00e0 terme, de supprimer compl\u00e8tement le GIL. Il s'agit d'une d\u00e9cision importante qui va fondamentalement modifier Python. C'est pourquoi, dans ce billet, je vais expliquer ce qu'est le GIL, ses...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1193,1721],"tags":[1726,1727,477,1731,1732,996,1729,1722,14,1723,1728,1725,476,1730,1724],"class_list":["post-4508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-python-dispatch","tag-async","tag-asynchronous-programming","tag-circuitpython","tag-concurrency","tag-concurrent-programming","tag-cpython","tag-gil","tag-global-interpreter-lock","tag-micropython","tag-multithreading","tag-parallel-programming","tag-parallelism","tag-python","tag-python-dispatch","tag-single-threading"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Python Dispatch: Making the GIL Optional 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