{"id":4508,"date":"2023-08-01T11:35:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T11:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=4508"},"modified":"2023-08-01T11:35:39","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T11:35:39","slug":"python-dispatch-making-the-gil-optional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/it\/python-dispatch-rendere-il-gil-opzionale\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Dispatch: Rendere il GIL opzionale"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Python-Dispatch.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Il Consiglio direttivo ha fatto<a href=\"https:\/\/discuss.python.org\/t\/a-steering-council-notice-about-pep-703-making-the-global-interpreter-lock-optional-in-cpython\/30474\"> un grande annuncio sul futuro di Python<\/a>. In particolare, hanno deciso di rendere il Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) opzionale in CPython e di eliminarlo del tutto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tratta di una decisione enorme che modificher\u00e0 radicalmente Python.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Per questo motivo, in questo post, illustrer\u00f2 cos'\u00e8 la GIL, i suoi vantaggi e svantaggi e cosa ci riserva il futuro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il GIL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Esaminiamo il Global Interpreter Lock una parola alla volta in ordine inverso, partendo da <em>serratura<\/em> e poi <em>interprete<\/em> e infine, <em>globale<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un blocco \u00e8 un meccanismo che consente l'esecuzione di un solo thread alla volta. Quando un thread ottiene il blocco, ottiene l'accesso esclusivo all'interprete Python.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un <a href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/whats-the-difference-between-micropython-circuitpython-cpython-anyway\/\">L'interprete \u00e8 il programma per l'esecuzione del codice Python.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il termine \"globale\" si riferisce all'ambito del blocco dell'interprete. Poich\u00e9 il blocco dell'interprete \u00e8 globale, garantisce che solo un thread alla volta esegua il codice Python all'interno di un singolo processo.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4520\" width=\"451\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1.png 645w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-1-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credito: <a href=\"https:\/\/statusneo.com\/concurrency-in-python-threading-processes-and-asyncio\/\">StatoNeo<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Quindi il GIL \u00e8 un meccanismo che impedisce l'esecuzione di pi\u00f9 thread contemporaneamente attraverso l'interprete. Ma perch\u00e9 si dovrebbe volere questo?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vantaggi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Il vantaggio principale del GIL \u00e8 che rende le cose pi\u00f9 semplici. La gestione della memoria \u00e8 pi\u00f9 semplice, la gestione dei thread \u00e8 pi\u00f9 semplice e la creazione di moduli \u00e8 pi\u00f9 semplice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Senza il GIL, si pu\u00f2 incorrere rapidamente in problemi con il multithreading. Se non si inseriscono i blocchi locali corretti per ogni thread, si potrebbe finire per mandare in crash Python o corrompere qualche altra memoria del computer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E se non siete in multithreading, il GIL \u00e8 molto utile, perch\u00e9 fa s\u00ec che tutto fili liscio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quindi il GIL mantiene le cose semplici e sicure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allora perch\u00e9 non dovresti volerlo?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Svantaggi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Il compromesso \u00e8 tra facilit\u00e0 e velocit\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Impedendo il multithreading, il GIL rende CPython pi\u00f9 lento e meno performante di altri linguaggi (come C++, Go e Rust).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soprattutto con l'esplosione dell'IA negli ultimi mesi, il GIL sta diventando sempre pi\u00f9 un problema nell'esecuzione di programmi in modo rapido ed efficiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9OOJcTp8dqE\" title=\"Keynote: Python multithread senza GIL - presentato da Sam Gross\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9OOJcTp8dqE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il futuro della GIL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Quindi, ora che il Consiglio direttivo ha annunciato di aver accettato la <a href=\"https:\/\/peps.python.org\/pep-0703\/#alternatives\">Proposta di miglioramento di Python (PEP) 703, scritta da Sam Gross<\/a>Stiamo entrando in acque inesplorate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Innumerevoli estensioni sono state scritte tenendo conto del GIL. Tutti gli standard definiti con CPython dipendono dal GIL. Tutti costruiscono in CPython con il GIL al centro dei loro programmi (intenzionalmente o meno).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pertanto, il Consiglio direttivo sta inizialmente rendendo la GIL facoltativa, ma a lungo termine prevede di eliminarla completamente. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Come si legge nel post, \"non vogliamo creare una divisione permanente tra build con e senza GIL (e moduli di estensione)\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Questo trasformer\u00e0 assolutamente Python e, cosa forse pi\u00f9 interessante, in modi che nessuno conosce ancora. Brett Cannon, <a href=\"https:\/\/discuss.python.org\/t\/poll-feedback-to-the-sc-on-making-cpython-free-threaded-and-pep-703\/28540\">in un sondaggio al team di sviluppatori di base<\/a>, ha scritto che \"rendere Python free-thread... ha molte incognite. Non sappiamo quanto codice si affidi implicitamente al GIL, o sia thread-unsafe in modi sottili che vengono mascherati dal GIL\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La GIL sta scomparendo: cosa porter\u00e0 con s\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E, soprattutto, che aspetto avr\u00e0 il nuovo CPython?<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fit%2Fpython-dispatch-rendere-il-gil-opzionale%2F&text=Python%20Dispatch%3A%20Making%20the%20GIL%20Optional\" title=\"Condividi su X\" aria-label=\"Condividi su X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#000; color:#000\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#000\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"#000\" d=\"M14.258 10.152L23.176 0h-2.113l-7.747 8.813L7.133 0H0l9.352 13.328L0 23.973h2.113l8.176-9.309 6.531 9.309h7.133zm-2.895 3.293l-.949-1.328L2.875 1.56h3.246l6.086 8.523.945 1.328 7.91 11.078h-3.246zm0 0\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#000\">condividi<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4273c8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fit%2Fpython-dispatch-rendere-il-gil-opzionale%2F\" title=\"Condividi su Facebook\" aria-label=\"Condividi su Facebook\" role=\"button\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#3b5998; color:#3b5998\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#3b5998\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 18 32\"><path fill=\"#3b5998\" d=\"M17.1 0.2v4.7h-2.8q-1.5 0-2.1 0.6t-0.5 1.9v3.4h5.2l-0.7 5.3h-4.5v13.6h-5.5v-13.6h-4.5v-5.3h4.5v-3.9q0-3.3 1.9-5.2t5-1.8q2.6 0 4.1 0.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#3b5998\">condividi<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button telegram shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4084A6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/telegram.me\/share\/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fit%2Fpython-dispatch-rendere-il-gil-opzionale%2F&text=Python%20Dispatch%3A%20Making%20the%20GIL%20Optional\" title=\"Condividi su Telegram\" aria-label=\"Condividi su Telegram\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#0088cc; color:#0088cc\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#0088cc\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\"><path fill=\"#0088cc\" d=\"M30.8 6.5l-4.5 21.4c-.3 1.5-1.2 1.9-2.5 1.2L16.9 24l-3.3 3.2c-.4.4-.7.7-1.4.7l.5-7L25.5 9.2c.6-.5-.1-.8-.9-.3l-15.8 10L2 16.7c-1.5-.5-1.5-1.5.3-2.2L28.9 4.3c1.3-.5 2.3.3 1.9 2.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#0088cc\">condividi<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button reddit shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#ff5700\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fit%2Fpython-dispatch-rendere-il-gil-opzionale%2F\" title=\"Condividi su Reddit\" aria-label=\"Condividi su Reddit\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#ff4500; color:#ff4500\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"fill:#ff4500\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path fill=\"#ff4500\" d=\"M440.3 203.5c-15 0-28.2 6.2-37.9 15.9-35.7-24.7-83.8-40.6-137.1-42.3L293 52.3l88.2 19.8c0 21.6 17.6 39.2 39.2 39.2 22 0 39.7-18.1 39.7-39.7s-17.6-39.7-39.7-39.7c-15.4 0-28.7 9.3-35.3 22l-97.4-21.6c-4.9-1.3-9.7 2.2-11 7.1L246.3 177c-52.9 2.2-100.5 18.1-136.3 42.8-9.7-10.1-23.4-16.3-38.4-16.3-55.6 0-73.8 74.6-22.9 100.1-1.8 7.9-2.6 16.3-2.6 24.7 0 83.8 94.4 151.7 210.3 151.7 116.4 0 210.8-67.9 210.8-151.7 0-8.4-.9-17.2-3.1-25.1 49.9-25.6 31.5-99.7-23.8-99.7zM129.4 308.9c0-22 17.6-39.7 39.7-39.7 21.6 0 39.2 17.6 39.2 39.7 0 21.6-17.6 39.2-39.2 39.2-22 .1-39.7-17.6-39.7-39.2zm214.3 93.5c-36.4 36.4-139.1 36.4-175.5 0-4-3.5-4-9.7 0-13.7 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 27.8 28.5 120 29 149 0 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 4.1 4 4.1 10.2.1 13.7zm-.8-54.2c-21.6 0-39.2-17.6-39.2-39.2 0-22 17.6-39.7 39.2-39.7 22 0 39.7 17.6 39.7 39.7-.1 21.5-17.7 39.2-39.7 39.2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"shariff-text\" style=\"color:#ff4500\">condividi<\/span>&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il Consiglio direttivo ha fatto un grande annuncio sul futuro di Python. In particolare, ha deciso di rendere facoltativo il Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in CPython e di eliminarlo del tutto. Si tratta di una decisione importante che modificher\u00e0 radicalmente Python. Per questo motivo, in questo post, spiegher\u00f2 cos'\u00e8 il GIL, il suo...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1193,1721],"tags":[1726,1727,477,1731,1732,996,1729,1722,14,1723,1728,1725,476,1730,1724],"class_list":["post-4508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","category-python-dispatch","tag-async","tag-asynchronous-programming","tag-circuitpython","tag-concurrency","tag-concurrent-programming","tag-cpython","tag-gil","tag-global-interpreter-lock","tag-micropython","tag-multithreading","tag-parallel-programming","tag-parallelism","tag-python","tag-python-dispatch","tag-single-threading"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Python Dispatch: Making the GIL 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