{"id":2318,"date":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","slug":"uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/nl\/uart-de-universele-asynchrone-ontvanger-zender\/","title":{"rendered":"UART - De universele asynchrone ontvanger-zender"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Alles over UART Titel Afbeelding\" class=\"wp-image-5344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>UART is een full duplex seri\u00eble interface. Het stelt twee apparaten in staat te communiceren over slechts drie draden en ondersteunt variabele snelheden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART Kenmerken<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zoals de naam al aangeeft, is UART een asynchrone interface. In tegenstelling tot SPI of I2C is er geen behoefte aan een speciale klok. De twee apparaten hoeven alleen maar dezelfde transmissiesnelheid te gebruiken. De transmissiesnelheid is variabel en dicteert hoeveel bits de bus per seconde kan verzenden (bits\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"UART Kenmerken\" class=\"wp-image-2322\" style=\"width:647px;height:173px\" width=\"647\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART Kenmerken<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ook het dataformaat is configureerbaar. Een andere manier om de transmissiesnelheid te meten is dus de baudrate (bauds\/s), waarbij \u00e9\u00e9n baud \u00e9\u00e9n symbool of karakter is. Dus als \u00e9\u00e9n baud uit 8 bits bestaat, betekent dit dat een bitrate van 115200 bits\/s gelijk is aan 14400 bauds\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UART gebruikt twee datadraden, zodat de communicatie in de meeste gevallen full duplex is (beide richtingen tegelijk). Bovendien hebben beide UART-apparaten een draad nodig om de GROND-referentiespanning te delen. Samengevat betekent dit dat u slechts drie draden nodig hebt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bedrading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Een UART-apparaat heeft drie pennen nodig om te communiceren. <strong>RX<\/strong> om te lezen, <strong>TX<\/strong> voor het verzenden en <strong>GND<\/strong> voor GROUND referentie.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg\" alt=\"UART Bedrading\" class=\"wp-image-2323\" style=\"width:633px;height:239px\" width=\"633\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-768x290.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1536x580.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-2048x774.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART Bedrading<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Steek de RX-pennen van beide apparaten in de TX-pennen van het andere apparaat. Verbind beide GND-pennen en u bent klaar met de hardware-installatie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In theorie zou je zelfs de RX-pennen van meerdere apparaten kunnen aansluiten op de TX-pennen van \u00e9\u00e9n apparaat. Op die manier kun je, als je weet wat je doet, \u00e9\u00e9n apparaat de gegevens naar meerdere apparaten laten zenden. Maar de RX van een apparaat kan slechts met \u00e9\u00e9n TX-pin tegelijk worden verbonden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART-communicatie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>U moet beide apparaten op dezelfde baudrate instellen. Als deze meer dan 3% verschilt, zullen de gegevens worden beschadigd. Gangbare baudrates zijn onder andere 4800, 9600, 19200 en 115200. Bovendien moeten beide apparaten het eens zijn over hetzelfde dataformaat en pariteitsbit. Het pariteitsbit is een middel om de verzonden gegevens te controleren op fouten.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"UART-communicatie\" class=\"wp-image-2325\" style=\"width:687px;height:299px\" width=\"687\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART-communicatie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Telkens wanneer een apparaat gegevens wil verzenden, begint het met het verzenden van het startbit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De stationaire toestand van de datadraad is HOOG, dus de zender trekt hem \u00e9\u00e9n klokcyclus lang LAAG. Daarna trekt hij de draad LOW voor een 0 en HIGH voor een 1 in de exacte frequentie van de baudrate. Na elk data frame stuurt hij een pariteitsbit indien foutcontrole gewenst is. Daarna zet hij de draad HOOG om het stopbit aan te geven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Voordelen, nadelen en toepassingen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Voordelen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Het meest in het oog springende voordeel is de eenvoud van UART. Zowel software als hardware zijn uiterst eenvoudig in te stellen. De variabele snelheid betekent dat u het stroomverbruik zeer laag kunt houden. En natuurlijk maakt de interface full duplex communicatie mogelijk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bovendien kunnen de gegevens een afstand van 1000 meter overbruggen.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg\" alt=\"Voordelen\" class=\"wp-image-2329\" style=\"width:410px;height:199px\" width=\"410\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART Voordelen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nadelen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>De interface is in principe beperkt tot twee apparaten. Ook is er geen klok om de transmissiesnelheid tijdens de transmissie te regelen en te wijzigen. In de meeste gevallen is deze langzamer dan bijvoorbeeld SPI of I2C.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"Nadelen\" class=\"wp-image-2328\" style=\"width:410px;height:200px\" width=\"410\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART Nadelen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART-toepassingen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>UART is zeer geschikt voor het verzenden van kleinere hoeveelheden gegevens. Het wordt gebruikt door veel GPS-ontvangers, Bluetooth-modules, draadloze communicatiesystemen<strong> <\/strong>of op RFID gebaseerde toepassingen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U kunt de interface ook gebruiken om uw Raspberry Pi aan te sluiten op uw Raspberry Pi Pico, zoals we in deze video laten zien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hij presteert ook goed in langeafstandstoepassingen waar SPI en I2C geen optie zijn.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fnl%2Fuart-de-universele-asynchrone-ontvanger-zender%2F&text=UART%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Universal%20Asynchronous%20Receiver-Transmitter\" title=\"Delen op X\" aria-label=\"Delen op X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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Het stelt twee apparaten in staat over slechts drie draden te communiceren en ondersteunt variabele snelheden. UART Kenmerken Zoals de naam al aangeeft, is UART een asynchrone interface. In tegenstelling tot SPI of I2C is er geen noodzaak voor een speciale klok. De twee apparaten hoeven alleen maar dezelfde transmissiesnelheid te gebruiken....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[376,678,671,205,363,676,197,677,364,679,675],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bluetooth","tag-gnd","tag-gps","tag-i2c","tag-i2s","tag-rx","tag-spi","tag-tx","tag-uart","tag-what-is-uart","tag-wireless"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. 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