{"id":2318,"date":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","slug":"uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/pl\/uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter\/","title":{"rendered":"UART - uniwersalny odbiornik asynchroniczny i nadajnik"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Wszystko o obrazie tytu\u0142u UART\" class=\"wp-image-5344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>UART to interfejs szeregowy pracuj\u0105cy w trybie pe\u0142nego dupleksu. Umo\u017cliwia on komunikacj\u0119 dw\u00f3ch urz\u0105dze\u0144 za pomoc\u0105 zaledwie trzech przewod\u00f3w i obs\u0142uguje r\u00f3\u017cne pr\u0119dko\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Charakterystyka UART<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak sama nazwa wskazuje, UART jest interfejsem asynchronicznym. W przeciwie\u0144stwie do SPI czy I2C nie ma potrzeby stosowania dedykowanego zegara. Oba urz\u0105dzenia musz\u0105 jedynie korzysta\u0107 z tej samej pr\u0119dko\u015bci transmisji. Szybko\u015b\u0107 transmisji jest zmienna i okre\u015bla, ile bit\u00f3w magistrala mo\u017ce przes\u0142a\u0107 w ka\u017cdej sekundzie (bity\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"Charakterystyka UART\" class=\"wp-image-2322\" style=\"width:647px;height:173px\" width=\"647\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Charakterystyka UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Format danych jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c konfigurowalny. Dlatego innym sposobem pomiaru szybko\u015bci transmisji jest szybko\u015b\u0107 transmisji (bauds\/s), gdzie jeden baud to jeden symbol lub znak. Je\u015bli wi\u0119c jeden bajt sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z 8 bit\u00f3w, oznacza to, \u017ce szybko\u015b\u0107 transmisji 115200 bit\u00f3w\/s r\u00f3wna si\u0119 14400 bod\u00f3w\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UART wykorzystuje dwa przewody danych, wi\u0119c w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci przypadk\u00f3w komunikacja odbywa si\u0119 w trybie pe\u0142nego dupleksu (w obu kierunkach jednocze\u015bnie). Dodatkowo oba urz\u0105dzenia UART potrzebuj\u0105 jednego przewodu do wsp\u00f3\u0142dzielenia napi\u0119cia odniesienia GROUND. W sumie oznacza to, \u017ce potrzebne s\u0105 tylko trzy przewody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Okablowanie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Urz\u0105dzenie UART potrzebuje trzech styk\u00f3w do komunikacji. <strong>RX<\/strong> do czytania, <strong>TX<\/strong> do nadawania i <strong>GND<\/strong> dla odniesienia GROUND.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg\" alt=\"Okablowanie UART\" class=\"wp-image-2323\" style=\"width:633px;height:239px\" width=\"633\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-768x290.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1536x580.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-2048x774.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Okablowanie UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Pod\u0142\u0105cz styki RX obu urz\u0105dze\u0144 do styk\u00f3w TX drugiego urz\u0105dzenia. Pod\u0142\u0105cz oba piny GND i zako\u0144cz konfiguracj\u0119 sprz\u0119tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teoretycznie mo\u017cna nawet pod\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 styki RX wielu urz\u0105dze\u0144 do styku TX jednego urz\u0105dzenia. W ten spos\u00f3b, je\u015bli wiesz, co robisz, mo\u017cesz pozwoli\u0107, aby jedno urz\u0105dzenie transmitowa\u0142o dane do wielu urz\u0105dze\u0144. Jednak styk RX dowolnego urz\u0105dzenia mo\u017ce by\u0107 jednocze\u015bnie pod\u0142\u0105czony tylko do jednego styku TX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Komunikacja UART<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>W obu urz\u0105dzeniach nale\u017cy ustawi\u0107 t\u0119 sam\u0105 szybko\u015b\u0107 transmisji. Je\u015bli b\u0119dzie si\u0119 ona r\u00f3\u017cni\u0107 o wi\u0119cej ni\u017c 3%, dane zostan\u0105 uszkodzone. Popularne pr\u0119dko\u015bci transmisji to mi\u0119dzy innymi 4800, 9600, 19200 i 115200. Ponadto oba urz\u0105dzenia musz\u0105 si\u0119 zgodzi\u0107 na ten sam format danych i bit parzysto\u015bci. Bit parzysto\u015bci s\u0142u\u017cy do sprawdzania, czy przesy\u0142ane dane nie zawieraj\u0105 b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"Komunikacja UART\" class=\"wp-image-2325\" style=\"width:687px;height:299px\" width=\"687\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Komunikacja UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Za ka\u017cdym razem, gdy urz\u0105dzenie chce przes\u0142a\u0107 dane, zaczyna od wys\u0142ania bitu startu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W stanie spoczynku przew\u00f3d danych ma warto\u015b\u0107 WYSOK\u0104, wi\u0119c nadajnik \u015bci\u0105ga go w stan NISKI przez jeden cykl zegara. Nast\u0119pnie ci\u0105gnie przew\u00f3d w stan niski dla 0 i w stan wysoki dla 1 z dok\u0142adn\u0105 cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci\u0105 odpowiadaj\u0105c\u0105 szybko\u015bci transmisji. Po ka\u017cdej ramce danych wysy\u0142any jest bit parzysto\u015bci, je\u015bli wymagana jest kontrola b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w. Nast\u0119pnie ustawia przew\u00f3d w pozycji HIGH, aby zasygnalizowa\u0107 bit stopu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zalety, wady i zastosowania<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zalety<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Najbardziej uderzaj\u0105c\u0105 zalet\u0105 jest prostota UART. Zar\u00f3wno oprogramowanie, jak i sprz\u0119t s\u0105 niezwykle \u0142atwe do skonfigurowania. Zmienna pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 oznacza, \u017ce mo\u017cna utrzyma\u0107 zu\u017cycie energii na bardzo niskim poziomie. I oczywi\u015bcie interfejs umo\u017cliwia komunikacj\u0119 w trybie pe\u0142nego dupleksu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ponadto dane mog\u0105 by\u0107 przesy\u0142ane na du\u017ce odleg\u0142o\u015bci, nawet do 1000 metr\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg\" alt=\"Zalety\" class=\"wp-image-2329\" style=\"width:410px;height:199px\" width=\"410\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zalety UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wady<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Interfejs jest zasadniczo ograniczony do dw\u00f3ch urz\u0105dze\u0144. Nie ma te\u017c zegara do sterowania i zmiany szybko\u015bci transmisji w trakcie jej trwania. W wi\u0119kszo\u015bci przypadk\u00f3w jest ona wolniejsza ni\u017c na przyk\u0142ad SPI lub I2C.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"Wady\" class=\"wp-image-2328\" style=\"width:410px;height:200px\" width=\"410\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Wady UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zastosowania UART<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>UART umo\u017cliwia przesy\u0142anie mniejszych ilo\u015bci danych. Jest on u\u017cywany w wielu odbiornikach GPS, modu\u0142ach Bluetooth, systemach komunikacji bezprzewodowej<strong> <\/strong>lub zastosowa\u0144 opartych na technologii RFID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Interfejs ten mo\u017cna tak\u017ce wykorzysta\u0107 do po\u0142\u0105czenia Raspberry Pi z Raspberry Pi Pico, jak pokazano na tym filmie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sprawdza si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c w aplikacjach dalekiego zasi\u0119gu, gdzie SPI i I2C nie wchodz\u0105 w gr\u0119.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fpl%2Fuart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter%2F&text=UART%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Universal%20Asynchronous%20Receiver-Transmitter\" title=\"Udost\u0119pnij na X\" aria-label=\"Udost\u0119pnij na X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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Umo\u017cliwia on komunikacj\u0119 dw\u00f3ch urz\u0105dze\u0144 za pomoc\u0105 zaledwie trzech przewod\u00f3w i obs\u0142uguje r\u00f3\u017cne pr\u0119dko\u015bci. Charakterystyka UART Jak sama nazwa wskazuje, UART jest interfejsem asynchronicznym. W przeciwie\u0144stwie do SPI czy I2C nie ma potrzeby stosowania dedykowanego zegara. Dwa urz\u0105dzenia musz\u0105 tylko u\u017cywa\u0107 tej samej pr\u0119dko\u015bci transmisji....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[376,678,671,205,363,676,197,677,364,679,675],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bluetooth","tag-gnd","tag-gps","tag-i2c","tag-i2s","tag-rx","tag-spi","tag-tx","tag-uart","tag-what-is-uart","tag-wireless"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. 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