{"id":2318,"date":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","slug":"uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/pt\/uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter\/","title":{"rendered":"UART - O Receptor-Transmissor Ass\u00edncrono Universal"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Tudo sobre UART T\u00edtulo Imagem\" class=\"wp-image-5344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>UART \u00e9 uma interface serial duplex completa. Permite que dois dispositivos comuniquem atrav\u00e9s de apenas tr\u00eas fios e suporta velocidades vari\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Caracter\u00edsticas UART<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Como o nome sugere, UART \u00e9 uma interface ass\u00edncrona. Ao contr\u00e1rio da SPI ou I2C, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 necessidade de um rel\u00f3gio dedicado. Os dois dispositivos apenas precisam de utilizar a mesma velocidade de transmiss\u00e3o. A velocidade de transmiss\u00e3o \u00e9 vari\u00e1vel e dita quantos bits o autocarro pode enviar por segundo (bits\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"Caracter\u00edsticas UART\" class=\"wp-image-2322\" style=\"width:647px;height:173px\" width=\"647\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Caracter\u00edsticas UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>O formato dos dados tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 configur\u00e1vel. Assim, outra forma de medir a velocidade de transmiss\u00e3o \u00e9 o baud rate (bauds\/s), em que um baud \u00e9 um s\u00edmbolo ou car\u00e1cter. Assim, se um baud consiste em 8 bits, isso significa que uma taxa de bits de 115200 bits\/s \u00e9 igual a 14400 bauds\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A UART utiliza dois fios de dados, pelo que na maioria dos casos a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 full duplex (ambas as direc\u00e7\u00f5es ao mesmo tempo). Al\u00e9m disso, ambos os dispositivos UART precisam de um fio para partilhar a tens\u00e3o de refer\u00eancia GROUND. Em suma, isso significa que s\u00f3 s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios tr\u00eas fios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cablagem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Um dispositivo UART precisa de tr\u00eas pinos para comunicar. <strong>RX<\/strong> para leitura, <strong>TX<\/strong> para a transmiss\u00e3o e <strong>GND<\/strong> para refer\u00eancia GROUND.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg\" alt=\"Cablagem UART\" class=\"wp-image-2323\" style=\"width:633px;height:239px\" width=\"633\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-768x290.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1536x580.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-2048x774.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cablagem UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ligar os pinos RX de ambos os dispositivos aos pinos TX do outro dispositivo. Ligue ambos os pinos GND e o seu feito com a configura\u00e7\u00e3o do hardware.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em teoria, at\u00e9 se poderia ligar os pinos RX de v\u00e1rios dispositivos no pino TX de um dispositivo. Dessa forma, se souber o que est\u00e1 a fazer, pode deixar que um dispositivo transmita os dados para v\u00e1rios dispositivos. Mas o RX de qualquer dispositivo s\u00f3 pode ser ligado a um pino TX de cada vez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o UART<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9 necess\u00e1rio definir ambos os dispositivos com o mesmo baudrate. Se diferirem mais de 3%, os dados ser\u00e3o corrompidos. Os baudrates comuns s\u00e3o 4800, 9600, 19200 e 115200, entre outros. Al\u00e9m disso, ambos os dispositivos precisam de concordar com o mesmo formato de dados e bit de paridade. O bit de paridade \u00e9 um meio de verificar os dados transmitidos em busca de erros.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o UART\" class=\"wp-image-2325\" style=\"width:687px;height:299px\" width=\"687\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Sempre que um dispositivo quer transmitir dados, come\u00e7a por enviar o bit de in\u00edcio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O estado de inactividade do fio de dados \u00e9 ALTO, pelo que o transmissor puxa-o para BAIXO durante um ciclo de rel\u00f3gio. Depois puxa o fio BAIXO para um 0 e ALTO para um 1 na frequ\u00eancia exacta do baudrate. Ap\u00f3s cada moldura de dados, envia um bit de paridade se for desejada uma verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de erro. Em seguida, define o fio ALTO para sinalizar o bit de paragem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vantagens, Desvantagens e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vantagens<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A vantagem mais marcante \u00e9 a simplicidade da UART. Tanto o software como o hardware s\u00e3o extremamente f\u00e1ceis de configurar. A velocidade vari\u00e1vel significa que se pode manter um consumo de energia muito baixo. E, claro, a interface permite uma comunica\u00e7\u00e3o duplex completa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Al\u00e9m disso, os dados podem percorrer longos percursos at\u00e9 1000 metros.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg\" alt=\"Vantagens\" class=\"wp-image-2329\" style=\"width:410px;height:199px\" width=\"410\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vantagens UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Desvantagens<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A interface \u00e9 basicamente limitada a dois dispositivos. Tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o h\u00e1 rel\u00f3gio para controlar e alterar a velocidade de transmiss\u00e3o durante a transmiss\u00e3o. Na maioria dos casos \u00e9 mais lento do que, por exemplo, o SPI ou I2C.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"Desvantagens\" class=\"wp-image-2328\" style=\"width:410px;height:200px\" width=\"410\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Desvantagens UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es UART<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A UART \u00e9 muito capaz de enviar quantidades menores de dados. \u00c9 utilizado por muitos receptores de GPS, m\u00f3dulos Bluetooth, sistemas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o sem fios<strong> <\/strong>ou aplica\u00e7\u00f5es baseadas em RFID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m pode utilizar a interface para ligar o seu Raspberry Pi ao seu Raspberry Pi Pico, como mostramos neste v\u00eddeo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m tem um bom desempenho em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de longo alcance onde SPI e I2C n\u00e3o s\u00e3o uma op\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fpt%2Fuart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter%2F&text=UART%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Universal%20Asynchronous%20Receiver-Transmitter\" title=\"Compartilhar no X\" aria-label=\"Compartilhar no X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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Permite que dois dispositivos comuniquem atrav\u00e9s de apenas tr\u00eas fios e suporta velocidades vari\u00e1veis. Caracter\u00edsticas UART Como o nome sugere, UART \u00e9 uma interface ass\u00edncrona. Ao contr\u00e1rio do SPI ou I2C, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 necessidade de um rel\u00f3gio dedicado. Os dois dispositivos s\u00f3 precisam de utilizar a mesma velocidade de transmiss\u00e3o....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[376,678,671,205,363,676,197,677,364,679,675],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bluetooth","tag-gnd","tag-gps","tag-i2c","tag-i2s","tag-rx","tag-spi","tag-tx","tag-uart","tag-what-is-uart","tag-wireless"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. 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