{"id":2318,"date":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T14:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T13:54:01","slug":"uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/sv\/uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter\/","title":{"rendered":"UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (universell asynkron mottagare-s\u00e4ndare)"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Allt om UART Titelbild\" class=\"wp-image-5344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/everything-about-uart-title-image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>UART \u00e4r ett seriellt gr\u00e4nssnitt med full duplex. Det g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r tv\u00e5 enheter att kommunicera via bara tre tr\u00e5dar och st\u00f6der variabla hastigheter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART-egenskaper<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Som namnet antyder \u00e4r UART ett asynkront gr\u00e4nssnitt. Till skillnad fr\u00e5n SPI eller I2C beh\u00f6vs ingen s\u00e4rskild klocka. De tv\u00e5 enheterna beh\u00f6ver bara anv\u00e4nda samma \u00f6verf\u00f6ringshastighet. \u00d6verf\u00f6ringshastigheten \u00e4r variabel och dikterar hur m\u00e5nga bitar bussen kan skicka varje sekund (bits\/s).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"UART-egenskaper\" class=\"wp-image-2322\" style=\"width:647px;height:173px\" width=\"647\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-768x207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-2048x551.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Characterisitcs-18x5.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART-egenskaper<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dataformatet \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 konfigurerbart. Ett annat s\u00e4tt att m\u00e4ta \u00f6verf\u00f6ringshastigheten \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r baudrate (bauds\/s), d\u00e4r en baud motsvarar en symbol eller ett tecken. Om en baud best\u00e5r av 8 bitar inneb\u00e4r det att en bithastighet p\u00e5 115200 bitar\/s motsvarar 14400 bauds\/s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UART anv\u00e4nder tv\u00e5 datakablar s\u00e5 i de flesta fall \u00e4r kommunikationen full duplex (b\u00e5da riktningarna samtidigt). Dessutom beh\u00f6ver b\u00e5da UART-enheterna en tr\u00e5d f\u00f6r att dela referenssp\u00e4nningen GROUND. Sammanfattningsvis inneb\u00e4r det att du bara beh\u00f6ver tre ledningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ledningar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En UART-enhet beh\u00f6ver tre stift f\u00f6r att kommunicera. <strong>RX<\/strong> f\u00f6r l\u00e4sning, <strong>TX<\/strong> f\u00f6r \u00f6verf\u00f6ring och <strong>GND<\/strong> f\u00f6r jordreferens.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg\" alt=\"UART-ledningar\" class=\"wp-image-2323\" style=\"width:633px;height:239px\" width=\"633\" height=\"239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1024x387.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-768x290.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-1536x580.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-2048x774.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Wiring-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART-ledningar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Anslut RX-stiften p\u00e5 b\u00e5da enheterna till TX-stiften p\u00e5 den andra enheten. Anslut b\u00e5da GND-stiften och du \u00e4r klar med h\u00e5rdvaruinstallationen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I teorin kan du till och med ansluta RX-stiften fr\u00e5n flera enheter till TX-stiftet p\u00e5 en enhet. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan du, om du vet vad du g\u00f6r, l\u00e5ta en enhet s\u00e4nda data till flera enheter. Men RX-pinnen p\u00e5 en enhet kan bara anslutas till en TX-pinne \u00e5t g\u00e5ngen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART-kommunikation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Du m\u00e5ste st\u00e4lla in b\u00e5da enheterna p\u00e5 samma baudrate. Om den skiljer sig med mer \u00e4n 3% kommer data att skadas. Vanliga baudrates \u00e4r bland annat 4800, 9600, 19200 och 115200. Dessutom m\u00e5ste b\u00e5da enheterna komma \u00f6verens om samma dataformat och paritetsbit. Paritetsbiten \u00e4r ett s\u00e4tt att kontrollera att de \u00f6verf\u00f6rda uppgifterna inte inneh\u00e5ller n\u00e5gra fel.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg\" alt=\"UART-kommunikation\" class=\"wp-image-2325\" style=\"width:687px;height:299px\" width=\"687\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1024x447.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-1536x671.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-2048x895.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Communication-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UART-kommunikation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>N\u00e4r en enhet vill \u00f6verf\u00f6ra data b\u00f6rjar den med att skicka startbiten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Datakabelns tomg\u00e5ngstillst\u00e5nd \u00e4r HIGH s\u00e5 s\u00e4ndaren drar den LOW i en klockcykel. D\u00e4refter drar den ledningen LOW f\u00f6r en 0 och HIGH f\u00f6r en 1 i den exakta frekvensen f\u00f6r baudrate. Efter varje dataruta skickas en paritetsbit om felkontroll \u00f6nskas. Sedan st\u00e4ller den tr\u00e5den H\u00d6GT f\u00f6r att signalera stoppbiten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">F\u00f6rdelar, nackdelar och till\u00e4mpningar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">F\u00f6rdelar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Den mest sl\u00e5ende f\u00f6rdelen \u00e4r enkelheten hos UART. B\u00e5de programvara och h\u00e5rdvara \u00e4r extremt enkla att installera. Den variabla hastigheten inneb\u00e4r att du kan h\u00e5lla str\u00f6mf\u00f6rbrukningen mycket l\u00e5g. Och naturligtvis m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r gr\u00e4nssnittet full duplexkommunikation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dessutom kan data skickas \u00f6ver l\u00e5nga avst\u00e5nd p\u00e5 upp till 1000 meter.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg\" alt=\"F\u00f6rdelar\" class=\"wp-image-2329\" style=\"width:410px;height:199px\" width=\"410\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Advantages.jpg 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">F\u00f6rdelar med UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nackdelar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gr\u00e4nssnittet \u00e4r i princip begr\u00e4nsat till tv\u00e5 enheter. Det finns inte heller n\u00e5gon klocka f\u00f6r att kontrollera och \u00e4ndra \u00f6verf\u00f6ringshastigheten under \u00f6verf\u00f6ringen. I de flesta fall \u00e4r det l\u00e5ngsammare \u00e4n till exempel SPI eller I2C.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"Nackdelar\" class=\"wp-image-2328\" style=\"width:410px;height:200px\" width=\"410\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/UART-Disadvantages.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nackdelar med UART<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UART-till\u00e4mpningar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>UART kan skicka mindre m\u00e4ngder data. Den anv\u00e4nds av m\u00e5nga GPS-mottagare, Bluetooth-moduler och tr\u00e5dl\u00f6sa kommunikationssystem.<strong> <\/strong>eller RFID-baserade till\u00e4mpningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Du kan ocks\u00e5 anv\u00e4nda gr\u00e4nssnittet f\u00f6r att ansluta din Raspberry Pi till din Raspberry Pi Pico som vi visar i den h\u00e4r videon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Den fungerar ocks\u00e5 bra i till\u00e4mpningar med l\u00e5ng r\u00e4ckvidd d\u00e4r SPI och I2C inte \u00e4r ett alternativ.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-center shariff-widget-align-left shariff-buttonstretch\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-white orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpicockpit.com%2Fraspberry-pi%2Fsv%2Fuart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter%2F&text=UART%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Universal%20Asynchronous%20Receiver-Transmitter\" title=\"Dela p\u00e5 X\" aria-label=\"Dela p\u00e5 X\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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Det g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r tv\u00e5 enheter att kommunicera via bara tre tr\u00e5dar och st\u00f6der varierande hastigheter. UART-egenskaper Som namnet antyder \u00e4r UART ett asynkront gr\u00e4nssnitt. Till skillnad fr\u00e5n SPI eller I2C finns det inget behov av en s\u00e4rskild klocka. De tv\u00e5 enheterna beh\u00f6ver bara anv\u00e4nda samma \u00f6verf\u00f6ringshastighet....<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[376,678,671,205,363,676,197,677,364,679,675],"class_list":["post-2318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interfaces","tag-bluetooth","tag-gnd","tag-gps","tag-i2c","tag-i2s","tag-rx","tag-spi","tag-tx","tag-uart","tag-what-is-uart","tag-wireless"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. It enables two devices to communicate over just three wires and supports variable speeds.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/picockpit.com\/raspberry-pi\/sv\/uart-the-universal-asynchronous-receiver-transmitter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UART - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter | PiCockpit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UART is a full duplex serial interface. 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